| "An
Act relating to principal and income in the administration
of trusts and decedents' estates and the mental
health trust fund; adopting a version of the Uniform
Principal and Income Act; and providing for an
effective date." |
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE
OF ALASKA: |
* Section 1. AS 13.36.335 is
amended to read: |
Sec.
13.36.335. Application of special distribution
provisions. The asset distribution
provisions of AS 13.16.540 - 13.16.545 [AS 13.16.540 - 13.16.550], 13.16.560, and the provisions of AS 13.38 [AS 13.38.030(a)] apply to the administration
of a revocable trust following the death of
the settlor of the trust, unless the terms
of the trust indicate a different intention.
|
* Sec. 2. AS 13.38 is amended
by adding new sections to read: |
Article 1. Preliminary Provisions;
Power to Adjust.
|
Sec. 13.38.200. Fiduciary duties; general
principles. (a) In allocating receipts and
disbursements to or between principal and
income and with respect to any matter within
the scope of this chapter, a fiduciary
|
| (1)
shall administer a trust or estate in accordance
with the governing instrument, even if there is
a different provision in this chapter; |
| (2)
may administer a trust or estate by the exercise
of a discretionary power of administration regarding
a matter within the scope of this chapter given
to the fiduciary by the governing instrument,
even if the exercise of the power produces a result
different from a result required or permitted
by this chapter; an inference that the fiduciary
has improperly exercised the discretionary power
does not arise from the fact that the fiduciary
has made an allocation contrary to a provision
of this chapter; |
| (3)
shall administer a trust or estate in accordance
with this chapter if the governing instrument
does not contain a different provision or does
not give the fiduciary a discretionary power of
administration regarding a matter within the scope
of this chapter; and 13 |
| (4)
shall add a receipt or charge a disbursement to
principal to the extent that the governing instrument
and this chapter do not provide a rule for allocating
the receipt or disbursement to or between principal
and income. |
| (b)
In exercising a discretionary power of administration
regarding a matter within the scope of this chapter,
whether granted by the governing instrument or
this chapter, including AS 13.38.210 and 13.38.300
- 13.38.410, a fiduciary shall administer a trust
or estate impartially based on what is fair and
reasonable to all of the beneficiaries, except
to the extent that the governing instrument clearly
manifests an intention that the fiduciary shall
or may favor one or more of the beneficiaries.
A determination in accordance with this chapter
is presumed to be fair and reasonable to all of
the beneficiaries. |
| Sec.
13.38.210. Trustee's power to adjust. (a) Subject to (c) and (f) of this section, a
trustee may adjust between principal and income
by allocating an amount of income to principal
or an amount of principal to income to the extent
the trustee considers appropriate if |
| (1)
the governing instrument describes what may or
shall be distributed to a beneficiary by referring
to the trust's income; |
| (2)
the trustee determines, after applying the rules
in AS 13.38.200(a), that the trustee is unable
to comply with AS 13.38.200(b); and |
(3)
the trustee determines to follow an investment
policy seeking a total return for the investments
held by the trust, whether the return is to
be derived from
|
(A)
appreciation of capital;
|
(B)
earnings and distributions from capital;
or
|
(C)
both (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
|
(b)
In deciding whether and to what extent to
exercise the power conferred by
|
| (a)
of this section, a trustee may consider, among
other thing |
(1)
the size of the trust;
|
(2)
the nature and estimated duration of the trust;
|
(3)
the liquidity and distribution requirements
of the trust;
|
(4)
the need for regular distributions and preservation
and appreciation of capital;
|
(5)
the expected tax consequences of an adjustment;
|
(6)
the net amount allocated to income under the
other sections of this chapter and the increase
or decrease in the value of the principal
assets, which the trustee may estimate as
to assets for which market values are not
readily available;
|
(7)
the assets held in the trust; the extent to
which the assets consist of financial assets,
interests in closely held enterprises, tangible
and intangible personal property, or real
property; the extent to which an asset is
used by a beneficiary; and whether an asset
was purchased by the trustee or received from
the settlor or testator;
|
(8)
to the extent reasonably known to the trustee,
the need of the beneficiaries for present
and future distributions authorized or required
by the governing instrument;
|
(9)
whether and to what extent the governing instrument
gives the trustee the power to invade principal
or accumulate income or prohibits the trustee
from invading principal or accumulating income,
and the extent to which the trustee has exercised
a power from time to time to invade principal
or accumulate income;
|
(10)
the intent of the settlor or testator; and
|
(11)
the actual and anticipated effect of economic
conditions on principal and income and the
effects of inflation and deflation.
|
(c)
A trustee may not make an adjustment under
this section if
|
(1)
the adjustment would diminish the income interest
in a trust that requires all of the income
to be paid at least annually to a spouse and
for which a federal estate tax or gift tax
marital deduction would be allowed, in whole
or in part, if the trustee did not have the
power to make the adjustment; the prohibition
in this paragraph does not apply to a trust
after the trustee determines that the marital
deduction has not been claimed or has not
been allowed;
|
(2)
the adjustment would reduce the actuarial
value of the income interest in a trust to
which a person transfers property with the
intent to qualify for a federal gift tax exclusion;
|
(3)
the adjustment would change the amount payable
to a beneficiary as a fixed annuity or a fixed
fraction of the value of the trust assets;
|
(4)
the adjustment is from any amount that is
permanently set aside for charitable purposes
under the governing instrument and for which
a federal estate or gift tax charitable deduction
has been taken, unless both income and principal
are permanently set aside for charitable purposes
under the governing instrument;
|
(5)
possessing or exercising the power to make
an adjustment would cause an individual to
be treated as the owner of all or part of
the trust for federal income tax purposes,
and the individual would not be treated as
the owner if the trustee did not possess the
power to make an adjustment;
|
(6)
possessing or exercising the power to make
an adjustment would cause all or part of the
trust assets to be subject to federal estate
or gift tax with respect to an individual,
and the assets would not be subject to federal
estate or gift tax with respect to the individual
if the trustee did not possess the power to
make an adjustment;
|
(7)
the trustee is a beneficiary of the trust;
or
|
(8)
the trust has been converted to a unitrust
under AS 13.38.300 - 13.38.410.
|
(d)
If (c)(5), (6), or (7) of this section applies
to a trustee and there is more than one trustee,
a co-trustee to whom the provision does not
apply may make the adjustment unless the exercise
of the power by the remaining trustee or trustees
is prohibited by the governing instrument.
|
| (e)
A trustee may release the entire power conferred
by (a) of this section, the power to adjust from
income to principal, or the power to adjust from
principal toincome if the trustee is uncertain
about whether possessing or exercising the power
will cause a result described in (c)(1) - (6)
of this section, or if the trustee determines
that possessing or exercising the power will or
may deprive the trust of a tax benefit or impose
a tax burden not described in (c) of this section.
The release may be permanent or for a specified
period, including a period measured by the life
of an individual. |
(f)
A governing instrument that limits the power
of a trustee to make an adjustment between
principal and income does not affect the application
of this section unless it is clear from the
governing instrument that it is intended to
deny the trustee the power of adjustment conferred
by (a) of this section.
|
Sec.
13.38.220. Judicial control of discretionary
powers. (a) A court may not change
a fiduciary's decision to exercise or not
to exercise a discretionary power conferred
by this chapter unless the court determines
that the decision was an abuse of the fiduciary's
discretion.
|
(b)
If a court determines that a fiduciary has
abused the fiduciary's discretion regarding
a discretionary power conferred by this chapter,
the remedy is to restore the income and remainder
beneficiaries to the positions they would
have occupied if the fiduciary had not abused
the fiduciary's discretion, according to the
following rules:
|
(1)
to the extent that the abuse of discretion
has not resulted in a distribution to a
beneficiary or has resulted in a distribution
that is too small, the court shall require
the fiduciary to distribute from the trust
an amount to the beneficiary that the court
determines will restore the beneficiary,
in whole or in part, to the beneficiary's
appropriate position;
|
(2)
to the extent that the abuse of discretion
has resulted in a distribution to a beneficiary
that is too large, the court shall restore
the beneficiaries, the trust, or both, in
whole or in part, to their appropriate positions
by requiring the fiduciary to withhold an
amount from one or more future distributions
to the beneficiary who received the distribution
that was too large or by requiring that
beneficiary or that beneficiary's estate
to return some or all of the distribution
to the trust, notwithstanding a spendthrift
or similar provision;
|
(3)
if the abuse of discretion concerns the
power to convert a trust into a unitrust,
the court shall require the trustee either
to convert into a unitrust or to reconvert
from a unitrust;
|
(4)
to the extent that the court is unable,
after applying (1) - (3) of this subsection,
to restore the beneficiaries, the trust,
or both to the positions they would have
occupied if the fiduciary had not abused
the fiduciary's discretion, the court may
require the fiduciary to pay an appropriate
amount from the fiduciary's own funds to
one or more of the beneficiaries, the trust,
or both.
|
|
Article
2. Conversion to Unitrust. |
Sec.
13.38.300. Power to convert to unitrust. Unless expressly prohibited by the governing
instrument, a trustee may release the power
to adjust under AS 13.38.210 and may convert
a trust into a unitrust as described in AS
13.38.300 - 13.38.410 if
|
(1)
the trustee determines that the conversion
will enable the trustee to better carry
out the intent of the settlor or testator
and the purposes of the trust;
|
(2)
the trustee gives written notice of the
trustee's intention to release the power
to adjust, of the trustee's intention to
convert the trust into a unitrust, and of
how the unitrust will operate, including
what initial decisions the trustee will
make under this section, to all the sui
juris beneficiaries who
|
(A)
are currently eligible to receive income
from the trust;
|
(B)
would be eligible, if a power of appointment
were not exercised, to receive income
from the trust if the interest of all
of the beneficiaries eligible to receive
income under (A) of this paragraph were
to terminate immediately before the giving
of the notice; and
|
(C)
would, if a power of appointment were
not exercised, receive a distribution
of principal if the trust were to terminate
immediately before the giving of the notice;
|
(3)
there are at least one sui juris beneficiary
under (2)(A) of this section and at least
one sui juris beneficiary under (2)(B) or
(C) of this section; and
|
(4)
a sui juris beneficiary does not object
to the conversion to a unitrust in a writing
delivered to the trustee within 60 days
after the mailing of the notice under
|
| (2)
of this section. |
Sec.
13.38.310. Judicially approved conversion. (a) A trustee may petition the court to approve
the conversion to a unitrust if
|
(1)
a beneficiary timely objects to the conversion
to a unitrust; or
|
(2)
there is not a sui juris beneficiary who
is eligible under
|
| AS
13.38.300(2)(A), and there is not a sui juris
beneficiary who is eligible under |
| AS
13.38.300(2)(B) or (C). |
(b)
A beneficiary may request a trustee to convert
to a unitrust. If the trustee
|
| does
not convert, the beneficiary may petition the
superior court to order the conversion. |
(c)
The superior court shall approve the conversion
or direct the requested conversion if the
court concludes that the conversion will enable
the trustee to better carry out the intent
of the settlor or testator and the purposes
of the trust.
|
Sec.
13.38.320. Factors to be considered.
In deciding whether to exercise the power
conferred by AS 13.38.300, a trustee may consider,
among other things,
|
(1)
the size of the trust;
|
(2)
the nature and estimated duration of the
trust;
|
(3)
the liquidity and distribution requirements
of the trust;
|
(4)
the need for regular distributions and
preservation and appreciation of capital;
|
(5)
the expected tax consequences of the conversion;
|
(6)
the assets held in the trust; the extent
to which they consist of financial assets,
interests in closely held enterprises,
tangible and intangible personal property,
or real property; and the extent to which
an asset is used by a beneficiary;
|
(7)
to the extent reasonably known to the
trustee, the need of the beneficiaries
for present and future distributions authorized
or required by the governing instrument;
|
(8)
whether and to what extent the governing
instrument gives the trustee the power
to invade principal or accumulate income
or prohibits the trustee from invading
principal or accumulating income and the
extent to which the trustee has exercised
a power from time to time to invade principal
or accumulate income;
|
(9)
the actual and anticipated effect of economic
conditions on principal and income and
the effects of inflation and deflation.
|
Sec.
13.38.330. Directions after conversion. (a) After a trust is converted to a unitrust,
the trustee shall
|
(1)
follow an investment policy seeking a
total return for the investments held
by the trust, whether the return is to
be derived from
|
(A)
appreciation of capital;
|
(B)
earnings and distributions from capital;
or
|
(C)
both (A) and (B) of this paragraph;
and
|
(2)
make regular distributions in accordance
with the governing instrument construed
in accordance with the provisions of this
section.
|
(b)
After a trust has been converted to a unitrust,
"income" in the governing instrument
means an annual distribution equal to four
percent of the net fair market value, as determined
annually, of the trust's assets, whether the
assets would be considered income or principal
under other provisions of this chapter.
|
(c)
After a trust has been administered as a unitrust
for three years, the four percent amount referred
to in (b) of this section shall be averaged
over the three preceding years of the trust.
|
Sec.
13.38.340. Discretion of trustee regarding conversion.
The trustee may in the trustee's discretion,
from time to time, determine |
(1)
the effective date of a conversion to a
unitrust;
|
(2)
the provisions for prorating a unitrust
distribution for a short year in which a
beneficiary's right to payments commences
or ceases;
|
(3)
the frequency of unitrust distributions
during the year;
|
(4)
the effect of other payments from or contributions
to the trust on the trust's valuation;
|
(5)
whether to value the trust's assets annually
or more frequently;
|
(6)
what valuation dates to use;
|
(7)
how frequently to value nonliquid assets
and whether to estimate their value;
|
(8)
whether to omit trust property occupied
or possessed by a beneficiary from the calculations;
and
|
(9)
other matters necessary for the proper functioning
of the unitrust.
|
Sec.
13.38.350. Unitrust deductions and distributions.
(a) Expenses that would be deducted from income
if the trust were not a unitrust may not be
deducted from the unitrust distribution. |
(b)
Unless otherwise provided by the governing instrument,
a unitrust distribution shall be considered
to have been paid from net income as net income
would be determined if the trust were not a
unitrust. To the extent net income is insufficient,
the unitrust distribution shall be considered
to have been paid from net realized short-term
capital gains. To the extent income and net
realized short-term capital gains are insufficient,
the unitrust distribution shall be considered
to have been paid from net realized long-term
capital gains. To the extent income and net
realized short-term and long-term capital gains
are insufficient, the unitrust distribution
shall be paid from the principal of the trust. |
Sec.
13.38.360. Court orders regarding unitrust. The trustee or, if the trustee declines to petition
the court, a beneficiary may petition the court
to |
(1)
select a payout percentage different than
four percent;
|
(2)
provide for a distribution of net income,
as would be determined if the trust were
not a unitrust, in excess of the unitrust
distribution if the distribution is necessary
to preserve a tax benefit;
|
(3)
average the valuation of the trust's net
assets over a period other than three years.
|
Sec.
13.38.370. Effects of conversion. A
conversion to a unitrust does not affect a provision
in the governing instrument directing or authorizing
the trustee to distribute principal or authorizing
a beneficiary to withdraw a portion or all of
the principal. |
Sec.
13.38.380. Prohibited conversions; exception. (a) A trustee may not convert a trust into a
unitrust if |
(1)
payment of the unitrust distribution would
change the amount payable to a beneficiary
as a fixed annuity or a fixed fraction of
the value of the trust assets;
|
(2)
the unitrust distribution would be made
from an amount that is permanently set aside
for charitable purposes under the governing
instrument and for which a federal estate
or gift tax deduction has been taken;
|
(3)
possessing or exercising the power to convert
would cause an individual to be treated
as the owner of all or part of the trust
for federal income tax purposes, and the
individual would not be treated as the owner
if the trustee did not possess the power
to convert;
|
(4)
possessing or exercising the power to convert
would cause all or part of the trust assets
to be subject to federal estate or gift
tax with respect to an individual, and the
assets would not be subject to federal estate
or gift tax with respect to the individual
if the trustee did not possess the power
to convert;
|
(5)
the conversion would result in the disallowance
of a federal estate tax or gift tax marital
deduction that would be allowed if the trustee
did not have the power to convert; or
|
(6)
the trustee is a beneficiary of the trust.
|
(b)
Notwithstanding (a)(2) of this section, a trustee
may elect to convert a trust to a unitrust if
both the income and principal of the trust being
converted to a unitrust are permanently set
aside for charitable purposes and if the provisions
of AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490 are followed. |
Sec.
13.38.390. Permissible conversion where otherwise
prohibited. (a) If AS 13.38.380(a)(3),
(4), or (6) applies to a trustee and there is
more than one trustee, a co-trustee to whom
the provision does not apply may convert the
trust, unless the exercise of the power by the
remaining trustee is prohibited by the governing
instrument. |
(b)
If AS 13.38.380(a)(3), (4), or (6) applies to
all the trustees, the trustees may petition
the court to direct a conversion. |
Sec.
13.38.400. Reconversion from a unitrust. A trustee may reconvert a trust that has been
converted into a unitrust under AS 13.38.300
by following the same procedures provided in
AS 13.38.300 - 13.38.410 for converting a trust
into a unitrust. If a unitrust is reconverted
under this section, the trustee's power to adjust
under AS 13.38.210 applies to the trustee after
the reconversion. |
Sec.
13.38.410. Release of power to convert to
unitrust. (a) A trustee may
release the power conferred by AS 13.38.300
to convert to a unitrust if the trustee
|
(1)
is uncertain about whether possessing or
exercising the power will
cause a result described in AS 13.38.380(a)(3),
(4), or (5); or
|
(2)
determines that possessing or exercising
the power will or may
deprive the trust of a tax benefit or impose
a tax burden not described in
AS 13.38.380.
|
(b)
The release of a power under (a) of this section
may be permanent or for a
specified period, including a period measured
by the life of an individual. |
|
Article
3. Charitable Trust Election. |
Sec.
13.38.440. Charitable trust election. The
trustee of a trust held
exclusively for charitable purposes may elect
to be governed by AS 13.38.440 -
13.38.490 unless the governing instrument expressly
provides that the election
provided by AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490 is not
available. |
Sec.
13.38.450. Eligibility for charitable trust
election. To make an election
under AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490, the trustee
shall adopt and follow an investment
policy seeking a total return for the investments
held by the trust, whether the return is to
be derived from appreciation of capital or earnings
and distributions with respect to capital or
both. The policy constituting the election must
be in writing, must be maintained as part of
the permanent records of the trust, and must
recite that it constitutes an election to be
governed by AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490. |
Sec.
13.38.460. Selection of percentage after charitable
trust election. (a) After a trustee
has elected under AS 13.38.440 for the trust
to be governed by AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490,
the trustee shall, in a writing maintained as
part of the permanent records of the trust,
select the percentage of the value of the trust
that will be considered income and determine
that it is consistent with the long-term preservation
of the real value of the principal of the trust,
but the percentage may not be less than two
percent or more than seven percent each year
of the principal value of the trust. The trustee
may elect to change a percentage previously
selected if the trustee determines that the
new percentage is consistent with the long-term
preservation of the real value of the principal
of the trust, but may not change the
percentage more frequently than once every 10
years. |
(b)
For a charitable trust required by 26 U.S.C.
4942 (Internal Revenue Code) to distribute
a higher amount than the percentage selected
under (a) of this section, the amount required
by 26 U.S.C. 4942 (Internal Revenue Code)
controls over the percentage selected.
|
Sec.
13.38.470. Revocation of charitable trust election. The trustee may
revoke an election to be governed by AS 13.38.440
- 13.38.490 if the revocation is made as part
of an alternative investment policy seeking
the long-term preservation of the real value
of the principal of the trust. The revocation
and alternative investment policy must be in
writing and maintained as part of the permanent
records of the trust. |
Sec.
13.38.480. Value determination. For
the purposes of applying AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490,
the value of the trust is the fair market value
of the cash and other assets held by the trustee
with respect to the trust, whether these assets
would be considered income or principal under
the other provisions of this chapter, determined
at least annually. In the discretion of the
trustee, the value of the trust may be averaged
over a period of three or more preceding years
when the trust has been administered as a unitrust
under this section for at least three years. |
Sec.
13.38.490. Definitions. In AS 13.38.440
- 13.38.490, except as
otherwise expressly stated in AS 13.38.440 -
13.38.490, 22 |
(1)
"income" means the percentage
of the value of the trust computed
under AS 13.38.440 - 13.38.490;
|
(2)
"principal" means all assets other
than those identified as income in
(1) of this section that are held by the trustee
with respect to the trust. |
|
Article
4. Decedent's Estate or Terminating Income Interest. |
Sec.
13.38.500. Determination and distribution of
net income. After a decedent dies in the case
of an estate, or after an income interest in
a trust ends, a fiduciary |
(1)
of an estate or of a terminating income
interest shall determine the amount of net
income and net principal receipts received
from property specifically given to a beneficiary
under (5) of this section and the provisions
applicable to trustees in AS 13.38.550 -
13.38.860; the fiduciary shall distribute
the net income and net principal receipts
to the beneficiary who is to receive the
specific property;
|
(2)
shall distribute to a beneficiary or trust
that receives a pecuniary
amount a share of net income equal to the
beneficiary's or trust's fractional interest
in undistributed principal assets as determined
under AS 13.38.510; the share accrues from
the date of death of a decedent, in the
case of an estate, or the date of death
of a settlor or specified event, in the
case of a revocable or irrevocable trust;
|
(3)
shall determine the remaining net income
of a decedent's estate or a
terminating income interest under the provisions
applicable to trustees in AS 13.38.550 -
13.38.860 and by
|
(A)
including in net income all income from
property used to
discharge liabilities; and
|
(B)
paying from principal the debts, the funeral
expenses, the
costs of disposition of remains, the family
allowance under AS 13.12.404, fees of
personal representatives and their attorneys
and accountants, and the taxes, related
interest, and penalties described in AS
13.38.810(a)(7) that are apportioned to
the estate or terminating income interest
by the governing instrument or applicable
law;
|
(4)
shall distribute the net income remaining
after distributions
required by (2) of this section in the manner
described in AS 13.38.510 to all other beneficiaries;
|
(5)
may not reduce principal or income receipts
from property
described in (1) of this section because
of a payment described in AS 13.38.710 or
13.38.720 to the extent that the governing
instrument or applicable law requires the
fiduciary to make the payment from assets
other than the property or to the extent
that the fiduciary recovers or expects to
recover the payment from a third party;
the net income and principal receipts from
the property are determined by
|
(A)
including all of the amounts the fiduciary
receives or pays
with respect to the property, whether
those amounts accrued or became due before,
on, or after the date of a decedent's
death or an income interest's terminating
event; and
|
(B)
making a reasonable provision for amounts
that the fiduciary believes the estate
or terminating income interest may become
obligated to pay after the property
is distributed.
|
Sec.
13.38.510. Distribution to residuary and remainder
beneficiaries. (a)
Each beneficiary described in AS 13.38.500(4)
is entitled to receive a portion of the net
income equal to the beneficiary's fractional
interest in undistributed principal assets,
using values as of the distribution date. If
a fiduciary makes more than one distribution
of assets to beneficiaries to whom this section
applies, each beneficiary, 1including one who
does not receive part of the distribution, is
entitled, as of each distribution date, to the
net income the fiduciary has received after
the date of death or terminating event or earlier
distribution date but has not distributed as
of the current distribution date. |
(b)
In determining a beneficiary's share of net
income, the following rules
apply: |
(1)
the beneficiary is entitled to receive a
portion of the net income
equal to the beneficiary's fractional interest
in the undistributed principal assets immediately
before the distribution date, including
assets that later may be sold or applied
to meet principal obligations;
|
(2)
the beneficiary's fractional interest in
the undistributed principal
assets shall be calculated without regard
to property specifically given to a beneficiary
and property required to pay pecuniary amounts;
|
(3)
the beneficiary's fractional interest in
the undistributed principal
assets shall be calculated on the basis
of the aggregate value of those assets as
of the distribution date without reducing
the value by any unpaid principal obligation.
|
(c)
If a fiduciary does not distribute all of the
collected but undistributed net
income to each person as of a distribution date,
the fiduciary shall maintain appropriate records
showing the interest of each beneficiary in
that net income. |
(d)
To the extent that the fiduciary considers it
appropriate, if this section applies to the
income from an asset, the fiduciary may apply
the rules in this section to net gain or loss
from the disposition of a principal asset realized
after the date of death
or terminating event or an earlier distribution
date. |
(e)
For the purposes of this section, the distribution
date may be the date as of
which the fiduciary calculates the value of
the assets if that date is reasonably near the
date on which assets are actually distributed. |
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Article
5. Apportionment at Beginning and End of Income
Interest. |
Sec.
13.38.550. When right to income begins and
ends. (a) An income
beneficiary is entitled to net income from
the date on which the income interest begins.
An income interest begins
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(1)
on the date specified in the governing instrument;
or
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(2)
if a date is not specified, on the date
an asset becomes subject to a trust or successive
income interest.
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(b)
An asset becomes subject to a trust |
(1)
on the date it is transferred to the trust,
in the case of an asset that is transferred
to a trust during the transferor's life;
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(2)
on the date of a testator's death, in the
case of an asset that becomes subject to
a trust by reason of a will, even if there
is an intervening period of administration
of the testator's estate; or
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(3)
on the date of an individual's death, in
the case of an asset that is transferred
to a fiduciary by a third party because
of the individual's death.
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(c)
An asset becomes subject to a successive income
interest on the day after the preceding income
interest ends, as determined under (d) of this
section, even if there is an intervening period
of administration to wind up the preceding income
interest. |
(d)
An income interest ends on |
(2)
the last day of a period during which there
is not a beneficiary to whom a trustee may
distribute income.
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Sec.
13.38.560. Apportionment of receipts and disbursements
when
decedent dies or income interest begins. (a) Unless AS 13.38.500(1) applies, a trustee
shall allocate an income receipt or disbursement
to principal if its due date
occurs before |
(1)
a decedent dies, in the case of an estate;
or
|
(2)
an income interest begins, in the case
of a trust or successive income interest.
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(b)
A trustee shall allocate an income receipt
or disbursement to income if its due date
occurs on or after the date on which a decedent
dies or an income interest begins and its
due date is periodic. An income receipt or
disbursement shall be treated as accruing
from day to day if its due date is not periodic
or it does not have a due date. The portion
of the receipt or disbursement accruing before
the date on which a decedent dies or an income
interest begins shall be allocated to principal,
and the balance shall be allocated to income.
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(c)
An item of income or an obligation is due on
the date the payor is required
to make a payment. If a payment date is not
stated, there is not a due date for the purposes
of this chapter. Distributions to shareholders
or other owners from an entity to which AS 13.38.600
applies are considered to be due on the date
fixed by the entity for determining who is entitled
to receive the distribution or, if a date is
not fixed, on the declaration date for the distribution.
A due date is periodic for receipts or disbursements
that must be paid at regular intervals under
a lease or an obligation to pay interest or
if an entity customarily makes distributions
at regular intervals. |
Sec.
13.38.570. Apportionment when income interest
ends. (a) When a
mandatory income interest ends, the trustee
shall pay to a mandatory income beneficiary
who survives that date, or the estate of a deceased
mandatory income
beneficiary whose death causes the interest
to end, the beneficiary's share of the undistributed
income that is not disposed of under the governing
instrument unless the beneficiary has an unqualified
power to revoke more than five percent of the
trust immediately before the income interest
ends. In the case of the beneficiary who has
an unqualified power to revoke more than five
percent of the trust immediately before the
income interest ends, the undistributed income
from the portion of the trust that may be revoked
shall be added to principal. |
(b)
When a trustee's obligation to pay a fixed
annuity or a fixed fraction of the value
of the trust's assets ends, the trustee
shall prorate the final payment if and to
the extent required by applicable law to
accomplish a purpose of the trust or its
settlor or testator relating to income,
gift, estate, or other tax requirements.
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(c)
In this section, "undistributed income"
means net income received before
the date on which an income interest ends,
but does not include an item of income or
expense that is due or accrued or net income
that has been added or is required to be
added to principal under the governing instrument.
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Sec.
13.38.600. Character of receipts. (a)
Except as otherwise provided in
this section, a trustee shall allocate to income
money received from an entity, including reinvested
cash dividends. |
(b)
A trustee shall allocate the following receipts
from an entity to principal: |
(1)
property other than money excluding reinvested
cash dividends;
|
(2)
money received in one distribution or a
series of related distributions in exchange
for part or all of a trust's interest in
the entity;
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(3)
money received in total or partial liquidation
of the entity;
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(4)
money received from an entity that is a
regulated investment company or a real estate
investment trust if the money distributed
is a short-term or long-term capital gain
dividend for federal income tax purposes.
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(c)
Money is received in partial liquidation |
(1)
to the extent that the entity, at or near
the time of a distribution,
indicates that it is a distribution in partial
liquidation; or
|
(2)
if the total amount of money and property
received in a distribution
or series of related distributions is greater
than 20 percent of the entity's gross assets,
as shown by the entity's year-end financial
statements immediately preceding the initial
receipt.
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(d)
Money is not received in partial liquidation,
and it may not be taken into
account under (c)(2) of this section, to the
extent that it does not exceed the amount of
income tax that a trustee or beneficiary must
pay on taxable income of the entity that distributes
the money. |
(e)
A trustee may rely upon a statement made by
an entity about the source or character of a
distribution if the statement is made at or
near the time of distribution by the entity's
board of directors or other person or group
of persons authorized to exercise powers to
pay money or transfer property comparable to
those of a corporation's board of directors. |
(f)
In this section, "entity" means a
corporation, partnership, limited liability
company, regulated investment company, real
estate investment trust, common trust fund,
or another organization in which a trustee has
an interest, but does not include |
(1) a trust or estate to which AS 13.38.610
applies;
|
(2)
a business or activity to which AS 13.38.620
applies;
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(3)
a payment to which AS 13.38.690 applies;
or
|
(4)
an asset-backed security to which AS 13.38.750
applies.
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Sec.
13.38.610. Distribution from trust or estate. (a) A trustee shall allocate to income an amount
received as a distribution of income from a
trust or an estate in which the trust has an
interest other than a purchased interest. |
(b)
A trustee shall allocate to principal an amount
received as a distribution of principal from
a trust or estate in which the trust has an
interest other than a purchased interest. |
(c)
If a trustee purchases an interest in a trust
that is an investment entity, or a decedent
or donor transfers an interest in a trust that
is an investment entity to a trustee, AS 13.38.600
or 13.38.750 applies to a receipt from the trust. |
Sec.
13.38.620. Business and other activities conducted
by trustee. (a) If a
trustee that conducts a business or other activity
determines that it is in the best
interest of all the beneficiaries to account
separately for the business or other activity
instead of accounting for it as part of the
trust's general accounting records, the trustee
may maintain separate accounting records for
the transactions of the business or other activity,
whether or not the assets of the business or
other activity are segregated from other trust
assets. |
(b)
A trustee who accounts separately for a business
or other activity may
determine the extent to which |
(1)
its net cash receipts are retained for working
capital, the acquisition
or replacement of fixed assets, and other
reasonably foreseeable needs of the business
or activity; and
|
(2)
the remaining net cash receipts are accounted
for as principal or
income in the trust's general accounting
records.
|
(c)
If a trustee sells assets of the business or
other activity, other than in the
ordinary course of the business or activity,
the trustee shall account for the net amount
received as principal in the trust's general
accounting records to the extent the trustee
determines that the amount received |